A recent study conducted by researchers at Texas Tech University shed light on the environmental impact of lithium ion batteries, a key component of clean energy infrastructure. The study, published in Nature Communications, focused on a sub-class of per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) compounds known as bis-perfluoroalkyl sulfonimides (bis-FASIs). These bis-FASIs were found to exhibit environmental persistence and ecotoxicity comparable to older, more well-known PFAS compounds like perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).
The research team, led by Jennifer Guelfo, sampled air, water, snow, soil, and sediment near manufacturing plants in various locations around the world. They discovered high levels of bis-FASIs in these samples, indicating widespread pollution due to the use of these compounds in lithium ion batteries. The study also suggested that air emissions could facilitate long-range transport of bis-FASIs, impacting areas far beyond the manufacturing sites.
Toxicity testing revealed that concentrations of bis-FASIs found in the environment can alter the behavior and fundamental energy metabolic processes of aquatic organisms. While the toxicity of bis-FASIs in humans has not been extensively studied, other PFAS compounds are known to have serious health consequences, including cancer and infertility. The study also noted that bis-FASIs do not break down easily during oxidation, similar to other PFAS compounds.
Despite the challenges posed by the persistence of bis-FASIs, the researchers found that treatment methods like granular activated carbon and ion exchange can effectively reduce the concentrations of these compounds in water. This suggests that existing technologies used to remove PFAS from drinking water can also be applied to address the issue of bis-FASI pollution.
Guelfo and her team emphasized the importance of developing technologies and recycling solutions that can mitigate the environmental impact of clean energy infrastructure. They highlighted the need for collaboration between scientists, engineers, sociologists, and policymakers to promote the adoption of cleaner energy technologies while minimizing environmental harm. The researchers called for a proactive approach to address the potential risks associated with the increasing use of lithium ion batteries in electric cars and electronics.
The study conducted by Texas Tech University underscores the urgent need to address the environmental consequences of lithium ion batteries and the use of PFAS compounds in these technologies. By raising awareness about the pollution caused by bis-FASIs and advocating for sustainable solutions, researchers hope to pave the way for a cleaner and greener energy future.
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